Definition:
Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression. According to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) there are now five possible diagnoses:
- Bipolar I Disorder: defined by manic episodes that last at least 7 days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care. Usually, depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least 2 weeks. Episodes of depression with mixed features (having depression and manic symptoms at the same time) are also possible.
- Bipolar II Disorder: defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes described above.
- Cyclothymic Disorder: defined by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well numerous periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.
- Substance-Induced Bipolar Disorder: defined by bipolar disorder symptoms that do not match the three categories listed above.
- Bipolar Disorder Associated with Another Medical Condition: defined by bipolar disorder symptoms that do not match the three categories listed above.
- Bipolar Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified: defined by bipolar disorder symptoms that do not match the three categories listed above.
People with bipolar disorder may also misuse alcohol or drugs, have relationship problems, or perform poorly in school or at work. Family, friends and people experiencing symptoms may not recognize these problems as signs of a major mental illness such as bipolar disorder.